CHARLES DARWIN 1809-1882

The same is true with the birth of Abraham Lincoln, February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. Charles Darwin was the inventor of the theory of organic evolution in the sense that natural selection is at the age of sixteen entered the University of Edinburgh to study medicine, but he considered both medical and anatomical science that makes bored. Soon he moved to Cambridge to learn elements of office administration. Even so, hunt and ride horses in Cambridge digemarinya much more than learning science. And even so, he was nonetheless still able to captivate the attention of one of the Grand Masters are encouraged to participate in a voyage on board HMS investigation Beagle as a naturalist. At first her father objected to this designation. She thought the trip was just kind of pretext alone are reluctant to make Darwin a serious job. Fortunately, later the father could be persuaded, and approved the trip was a journey that ultimately proved to be most valuable in the history of European science.
Darwin began to set sail aboard the Beagle in 1831. At that time he was only twenty-two years. In the five-year voyage, the ship Beagle sailed the world, scour the coast of South America in an exciting pace, explore the Galapagos Islands a quiet secluded, mengambah islands in the Pacific, Ocean Indonesia and the southern Atlantic Ocean. In perkelanaan it, Darwin witnessed many miracles of nature, visiting primitive tribes, found a large number of fossils, examine the various kinds of plants and animals. Furthermore, he made many notes about anything that passes in front of his eyes. These records are the basic ingredient for almost all his work in the future. From the records of these ideas just come, and the events and experiences so support his theories.
Darwin returned to his country in 1836 and twenty years afterwards he published a line of books that made him a famous biologist in the UK. As from 1837, Darwin was convinced that animals and plants are not fixed, but changes in the course of geological history. At that time he was not aware of what causes the occurrence of evolution. In 1838 he read an essay "On the principles of population" of Thomas Malthus. Malthus's book menyuguhkannya facts that push more convinced of natural selection through competition to sustain life. Even after Darwin succeeded in formulating the principles of natural selection, he did not rush to print and publish it. He realized that his theory would invite challenges. Therefore, he takes a long time to carefully prepare the evidence and put the horses to defend the hypothesis if there is an attack.
The outline of his theory written in 1842 and in 1844 he began to compile a lengthy book. In June 1858, when Darwin was still being embellish and refine the book his great work, he received a manuscript from Alfred Russel Wallace (an English naturalist who was located in the East) outlined his own theory of evolution. In each of the basic issues, along with Wallace's theory Darwin's theory! Wallace was developing his theory is really standing on his own and sent the manuscript to Darwin's writings to ask for opinions and commentary from leading scientists that before entering the printing. The situation becomes uncomfortable because it is easily develop into a battle that is not desired to scramble priorities. The solution, both Wallace's manuscript and the outlines of Darwin's theory was simultaneously discussed by a scientific body in the next month.
Simply stunning, this problem is not so pengedepanan ignored people. Darwin's book The Origin of Species was published the following year, causing an uproar. It is in fact probably never have published a book of science that is so widespread and so become the subject of conversation that is so warm, both in environmental scientists and lay people as happen in the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Strugle for Life. They put forward an argument remain exciting in 1871 when Darwin published The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. This book, put forward the idea that human beings originated from a type of monkey, the added thrill of debate opinions.
Darwin himself did not take part in the debate in public about the theory that flung. It could be because health because after perkelanaannya so parrjang with the ship Beagle (likely due to fever, Chaga disease caused by insect bites in Latin America). And it could be because he felt enough had such a staunch supporter of Thomas H. Huxley a debate champion and defender of Darwin's theory, most scientists agree the basics of Darwin's theory is concerned when niati 1882.
Actually - if you want to talk genuine or not genuine - not the first discoverer of Darwin's theory of evolution. Some people already speak out before him, including the French naturalist Jean Lamarek and Darwin's own grandfather, Erasmus Darwin.
However, their hypothesis is never accepted by the scientific world because it was unable to give confidence how and in what manner the evolution occurs. Darwin's greatest contribution is its ability not only present the mechanism of natural selection that resulted in the occurrence of a natural evolution, but he is also capable of presenting a lot of evidence to support his hypothesis.
Worthy of note, Darwin's theory was formulated without any backrest genetic theory or in fact he did not know anything about that knowledge. In Darwin's time, nobody special schools of the particulars of how a next generation. Although Gregor Mendel's laws is finalizing descendants in those years coincided with the time Darwin wrote and published his book which makes history, the results of Mendel's work that support Darwin's theory is so perfect, almost entirely ignored Mendel people until 1900, when Darwin's theory has so well-established and steady. So, our modern understanding about evolution - which is a combination of genetic science to the law of natural selection descent - more complete than that presented Darwin's theory.
Darwin's influence on human thought in sekah. In terms of pure science, of course, he was committing a revolutionary all aspects of field biology. Natural selection really has a very broad principles and fundamental, and various experiments have been done-its application in various fields such as anthropology, sociology, political science and economics.
Perhaps even more important influence on Darwin's thinking in terms of religion rather than on science or sociology. In Darwin's time and for years afterward, many believers in Christianity believe that accepting Darwin's theory mean lower degree of confidence in religion. Their concern is perhaps no basis even though clearly many other factors that cause so because of the erosion of religious belief. (Darwin himself became a secular).
Even on the basis of secular, Darwinian theory resulted in major changes to the way humans in their thinking about the particulars of their world (the human race it seems) as a whole no longer occupy a central position in the natural scheme of nature as a creature they had akukan. Now we must see ourselves as one part only of the many creatures and we acknowledge the possibility that once a date will be displaced. As a result of the investigation results of Darwin's view of Heraclitus who said, "Nothing is permanent except change" becomes more widely accepted. Successful evolution as a general explanation of the origin of humans have been more solidified confidence in the ability of science to answer any questions the physical world (although not all human problems and human). The term of Darwin, "The strong defeating the weak" and "struggle for life" had become a part of our vocabulary.
Indeed, Darwin's theory will be explained as well though such as Darwin had never lived in the world. Moreover, measured by what has been produced Wallace, this is quite contain the truth, more than anyone else that the particulars contained in this book list. However, the writings of Darwin that has revolutionized biology and antropolgi and he who has changed our view of the place of humanity in the world.