Many of Aristotle's ideas are now outdated. But the most important part of what was once done Aristotle is a rational approach that always underlies his work. Reflected in the writings of Aristotle attitude that every facet of human life or society is always open for the objects of thought and analysis. The opinion of Aristotle, the universe was not completely controlled by chance, by magic, by the desire not unfathomable will of god that unexpected, but the behavior of the universe is subject to rational laws. This belief is according to Aristotle is necessary for humans to question every aspect of the natural world in a systematic and we should utilize both empirical observations and logical reasons before making a decision. The series of these attitudes - the opposite of tradition, superstition and mysticism - has deeply affected European civilization.
Aristotle was born in the town of Stagira, Macedonian, 384 BC. His father was a famous physicist. At age seventeen, Aristotle went to Athens to study in Plato's Academy. He stayed there for twenty years until Plato died shortly. From his father, Aristotle may have a boost interest in biology and "practical knowledge". Under the tutelage of Plato he instill an interest in philosophical speculation.
In the year 342 BC, Aristotle went back to the Macedonians, became a teacher of a child king who thirteen years later in the history of the famous Alexander the Great. Alexander Aristotle educate the young in recent years. In the year 335 BC, after Alexander ascended the throne of the kingdom, Aristotle returned to Athens and there opened her own school, the Lyceum. He was in Athens for twelve years, a period which coincided with Alexander's career of military conquest. Alexander did not ask for advice to his former teacher, but he was kind enough to provide funds for Aristotle to conduct investigations. Maybe this is the first example in history of a scientist to receive a large amount of government funds for purposes of investigation and it is also the last in the centuries that followed.
Even so, allied with Alexander contains various hazards. Aristotle rejected in principle a way of dictatorship when the conqueror Alexander and Alexander's cousin sentenced to death on charges menghianat Aristotle, Alexander also had a mind to kill Aristotle. On the one hand, Aristotle too democratic in the eyes of Alexander, he also had a close relationship with Alexander and trusted by the people of Athens. When Alexander died in 323 BC class of anti-Macedonian in power in Athens and Aristotle was accused of disrespectful to the gods. Aristotle, Socrates thought of the fate that befell the previous 76 years, fled the city and said he would not be given a second chance to the people of Athens to sin against the philosophers. Aristotle died in exile several months later in the year 322 BC at the age of sixty-two years.
 |
| Aristotle with his pupil, Alexander |
Results astonishing amount of pure Aristotle. Forty-seven of his work still remains. Ancient records list no less than one hundred seventy books of his creation. In fact not just the large number of titles are impressive, but the broad range of material civilization and meditation are also no less-is less powerful. Scientific work is truly encyclopedic knowledge to his era. Aristotle wrote about astronomy, zoology, embryologi, geography, geology, physics, anatomy, psychological study, and almost every time his work was known in ancient Greece. The results of his scientific work, is, in part, a collection of knowledge gained from the paid special assistants to collect data for him, while others are the result of a series of his own observations.
To become an expert at topnotch in every branch of the impossibility of a miracle and no duplicate someone in the aftermath. But what has been achieved by Aristotle even more than that. He was an original philosopher, he was a major contributor in every important field of speculative philosophy, he wrote on ethics and metaphysics, psychology, economics, theology, politics, rhetoric, beauty, education, poetry, customs retarded people and the constitution of Athens. One project is a collection of various domestic investigations are used for comparative studies.
In all likelihood, the most important of the many results of his work is the study of the theory of logic, and Aristotle regarded as the founder of this important branch of philosophy. It is actually thanks to the logical nature of Aristotle's way of thinking that enables them to offer so many disciplines. He has a talent set way of thinking, formulating rules and the types who later became the basis of thinking in many areas of science. Aristotle never kejeblos into the swamp a mystical or extreme. Aristotle always determined to express their opinions practical. Of course, the human name, he also made mistakes. But, really amazing how few mistakes he made in a vast encyclopedia.
Aristotle's influence on the Western way of thinking behind the day really deep. In ancient and medieval times, the results of his work translated into languages of Latin, Arabic, Italian, French, Hebrew, German and English. Greek writers who came later, so did the Byzantine philosophers studying his work and put very admiration. There should also be noted, his thoughts a lot of influence on the philosophers of Islam and the centuries of writings dominated Western thinking. Ibn Rushd (Averroes), perhaps the most prominent Arab philosopher, tried to formulate a synthesis between Islamic theology with Aristotelian rationalism. Maimomides, the most prominent Jewish thinkers of the century was achieved with a synthesis of Judaism. However, the most brilliant work of the kind of conduct that is his Summa Theologia of St. Christian scholars. Thomas Aquinas. Outside of this list is still very much middle of the century intellectuals influenced by the mind so it Aristotle.
Aristotle's admiration for people to become so jumped in the middle of the century when the circumstances have lead to idolatry. In that state the writings of Aristotle is more a sort of wrap questioning intellect telling where the problem further than a kind of beacon in the street. Aristotle is fond of researching and thinking about particulars himself unmistakably less blindly agree with the praise of the next generation of his writings.
Some of the ideas of Aristotle were measured with the glasses seem reactionary now. For example, he supported slavery because it considers in line with a line of natural law. And he believed in the dignity of female modesty than men. Both ideas-of course - reflecting the prevailing view at that time. But, no less than the number of ideas that baffle modern Aristotle, for example the sentence, "Poverty is the father of revolution and crime," and the phrase "Anyone who has pondered deeply the art of governing people must believe that the fate of something emperium depends on the education of children youth. " (Of course, then there is no school as we know it today).
In recent centuries, Aristotle's influence and reputation have declined rather absurdly tall. However, I think his influence is so absorbing and lasted so long that I was sorry not to be placed higher than the level of the order as it is today. Sequence level is now very important mainly due to the thirteen that were before him in the order.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar